美国斯坦福大学Justin L. Sonnenburg等研究人员合作发现，肠道微生物群靶向的饮食能够调节人体免疫状态。该项研究成果于2021年7月12日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。
研究人员确定了两种微生物群靶向膳食干预（植物的纤维和发酵食品）如何在健康的成年人中影响人类微生物组和免疫系统。使用17周随机的前瞻性研究（n=18/ARM），并与微生物组和宿主的多组学测量相结合（包括广泛的免疫分析），研究人员发现了饮食的特异性效果。尽管稳定的微生物群落多样性，高纤维饮食增加了微生物组编码的多糖降解型碳水活性酶（CAZyme）。虽然细胞因子反应评分（初级结果）不变，但高纤维消费者的三种不同的免疫轨迹与基线微生物群多样性相对应。高发酵食品饮食稳步增加了微生物群多样性并降低了炎症标志物。
这些数据突出了膳食干预与免疫和微生物组图谱的结合能够提供个性化的和人群范围的新见解。发酵食品在工业化社会中对与解决微生物组多样性的降低和普遍存在的炎症可能具有价值。
据悉，饮食调节肠道微生物组，又会影响免疫系统。
附：英文原文
Title: Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status
Author: Hannah C. Wastyk, Gabriela K. Fragiadakis, Dalia Perelman, Dylan Dahan, Bryan D. Merrill, Feiqiao B. Yu, Madeline Topf, Carlos G. Gonzalez, William Van Treuren, Shuo Han, Jennifer L. Robinson, Joshua E. Elias, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Christopher D. Gardner, Justin L. Sonnenburg
Issue&Volume: 2021-07-12
Abstract: Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn can impact the immune system. Here,we determined how two microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiberand fermented foods, influence the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults.Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study (n = 18/arm) combined with -omics measurementsof microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found diet-specificeffects. The high-fiber diet increased microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading carbohydrateactive enzymes (CAZymes) despite stable microbial community diversity. Although cytokineresponse score (primary outcome) was unchanged, three distinct immunological trajectoriesin high-fiber consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively,the high-fermented-food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreasedinflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deepand longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wideinsight. Fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversityand increased inflammation pervasive in industrialized society.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00754-6