西北农林科技大学刘学波、刘志刚等合作取得最新进展。他们表明高纤维饮食通过肠-脑轴减轻后代中肥胖引起的认知和社会功能障碍。2021年3月1日出版的《细胞-代谢》杂志发表了这一成果。

这项对778名7至14岁的中国儿童进行的横向研究表明，母亲肥胖与儿童的较低的认知能力和社交能力密切相关。此外，已经证明，小鼠中的母体肥胖破坏了后代的行为和肠道微生物组，通过在孕妇或后代中通过高纤维饮食来减轻突触损伤和小胶质细胞成熟缺陷，从而恢复了这两种行为。共生和粪便微生物群移植实验揭示了微生物群与行为变化之间的因果关系。

此外，用微生物群来源的短链脂肪酸治疗也减轻了肥胖孕妇后代的行为缺陷。总之， 们的研究表明，微生物群-代谢物-脑轴可能是孕产妇肥胖引起的认知和社会功能障碍的基础，而高膳食纤维摄入量可能是一种潜在干预措施。

据报道，孕妇肥胖与后代的神经发育障碍有关。但是，尚不清楚其基本机制和有效干预措施。

附：英文原文

Title: High-fiber diet mitigates maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunction in the offspring via gut-brain axis

Author: Xiaoning Liu, Xiang Li, Bing Xia, Xin Jin, Qianhui Zou, Zhenhua Zeng, Weiyang Zhao, Shikai Yan, Ling Li, Shufen Yuan, Shancen Zhao, Xiaoshuang Dai, Fei Yin, Enrique Cadenas, Rui Hai Liu, Beita Zhao, Min Hou, Zhigang Liu, Xuebo Liu

Issue&Volume: 2021-03-01

Abstract: Maternal obesity has been reported to be related to neurodevelopmental disorders inthe offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions remainunclear. This cross-sectional study with 778 children aged 7–14 years in China indicatedthat maternal obesity is strongly associated with children’s lower cognition and sociality.Moreover, it has been demonstrated that maternal obesity in mice disrupted the behaviorand gut microbiome in offspring, both of which were restored by a high-fiber dietin either dams or offspring via alleviating synaptic impairments and microglial maturationdefects. Co-housing and feces microbiota transplantation experiments revealed a causalrelationship between microbiota and behavioral changes. Moreover, treatment with themicrobiota-derived short-chain fatty acids also alleviated the behavioral deficitsin the offspring of obese dams. Together, our study indicated that the microbiota-metabolites-brainaxis may underlie maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunctions and thathigh dietary fiber intake could be a promising intervention.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.02.002

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(21)00058-9