瑞典体育与健康科学学院Filip J. Larsen、Mikael Flockhart等研究人员合作发现，过度的运动训练会导致健康志愿者的线粒体功能受损并降低葡萄糖耐量。 这一研究成果于2021年3月18日在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞—代谢》上。

研究人员使用了一种训练模型，该模型在4周的干预期间逐渐增加了运动负荷。研究人员密切关注了葡萄糖耐量、线粒体功能和动力学、体育锻炼能力以及全身代谢的变化。在具有最高运动负荷的一周之后，研究人员发现线粒体本身的功能显著下降，同时葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素分泌受到干扰。研究人员还评估了世界一流耐力运动员的连续血糖水平，并发现与相匹配的对照组相比，他们的血糖控制受损。 

据了解，运动训练通过增加线粒体的氧化能力和改善的葡萄糖调节对代谢健康产生积极影响，这也是几种代谢性疾病的一线治疗方法。但是，尚未明确与有益治疗作用有关的运动量上限。 

附：英文原文

Title: Excessive exercise training causes mitochondrial functional impairment and decreases glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers

Author: Mikael Flockhart, Lina C. Nilsson, Senna Tais, Bjrn Ekblom, William Apró, Filip J. Larsen

Issue&Volume: 2021-03-18

Abstract: Exercise training positively affects metabolic health through increased mitochondrialoxidative capacity and improved glucose regulation and is the first line of treatmentin several metabolic diseases. However, the upper limit of the amount of exerciseassociated with beneficial therapeutic effects has not been clearly identified. Here,we used a training model with a progressively increasing exercise load during an interventionover 4 weeks. We closely followed changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial functionand dynamics, physical exercise capacity, and whole-body metabolism. Following theweek with the highest exercise load, we found a striking reduction in intrinsic mitochondrialfunction that coincided with a disturbance in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.We also assessed continuous blood glucose profiles in world-class endurance athletesand found that they had impaired glucose control compared with a matched control group.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.02.017

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(21)00102-9