美国西奈山伊坎医学院Benjamin R. tenOever研究小组发现，抗病毒I型干扰素可作为抵抗SARS-CoV-2感染的第一道防线。这一研究成果于2021年1月29日在线发表在国际学术期刊《免疫》上。

研究人员通过组织学分析和转录图谱揭示了仓鼠对SARS-CoV-2的全身反应动力学。感染导致上呼吸道和下呼吸道内的病毒水平持续升高，并在其他远端组织中零星出现。纵向队列揭示了包括I型干扰素（IFN-I）反应在内的炎症浪潮，无论是否存在病毒，该反应在所有组织中均明显，但不足以阻止疾病进展。

通过鼻内施用重组IFN-1能够增强抗病毒应答，从而减少病毒性疾病，防止传播，并降低体内的炎症。这项研究确定了对SARS-CoV-2感染的全身宿主反应，并表明鼻内IFN-1可作为早期治疗的有效手段。 

据了解，SARS-CoV-2的出现和传播已导致严重的全球发病率、死亡率和社会破坏。对病毒-宿主相互作用的理解可能会增强治疗方面的见识，从而限制这种感染。

附：英文原文

Title: Leveraging the antiviral type-I interferon system as a first line defense against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity

Author: Daisy A. Hoagland, Rasmus Mller, Skyler A. Uhl, Kohei Oishi, Justin Frere, Ilona Golynker, Shu Horiuchi, Maryline Panis, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Sachs, Knarik Arkun, Jean K. Lim, Benjamin R. tenOever

Issue&Volume: 2021-01-29

Abstract: The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in significant global morbidity, mortality, and societal disruption. A better understanding of virus-host interactions may potentiate therapeutic insights toward limiting this infection. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters by histological analysis and transcriptional profiling. Infection resulted in consistently high levels of virus in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and sporadic occurrences in other distal tissues. A longitudinal cohort revealed a wave of inflammation including a Type-I interferon (IFN-I) response that was evident in all tissues regardless of viral presence, but was insufficient to prevent disease progression. Bolstering the antiviral response with intranasal administration of recombinant IFN-I reduced viral disease, prevented transmission, and lowered inflammation in vivo. This study defines the systemic host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports use of intranasal IFN-I as an effective means of early treatment.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.017

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(21)00040-6