英国帝国理工学院Paul J Turner团队分析了1998-2018年英国的食品过敏反应趋势。2021年2月17日，该研究发表在《英国医学杂志》上。

为了描述近20年来英国因食物过敏而住院的时间趋势，研究组针对过敏反应和死亡住院有关的数据，以及肾上腺素自动注射装置的处方数据，进行了一项1998-2018年的全国数据设计分析。参与者包括整个英国的人口。主要观察指标为因食物和非食物引发的过敏反应住院的时间趋势、年龄和性别分布，以及这些住院率与病死率（死亡人数占住院人数的比例）的比较。

1998-2018年间，共有101891人因过敏反应入院，其中30 700人（30.1%）的诱因为食物过敏。食物过敏性入院率从每年每10万人口1.23人增加到4.04人（1998年至2018年），每年增加5.7%。15岁以下儿童住院人数增长最大，从每年每10万人口2.1人增加到9.2人，年增长率为6.6%。相比之下，15-59岁人群的年增长率为5.9%，60岁及以上人群的年增长率为2.1%。

共有152例死亡可能是由食物诱发的过敏反应引起。确诊的致命性食物过敏的病死率从0.7%下降到0.19%，疑似致命性食物过敏的病死率下降到0.30%。至少46%的死亡由花生或坚果引起。66名学龄儿童中有17名（26%）死于牛奶。在同一时期，肾上腺素自动注射器的处方增加了336%。

总之，1998-2018年，因食物引发过敏反应而住院的人数有所增加，但病死率有所下降。在学龄儿童中，牛奶是导致致命过敏反应最常见的单一原因。

附：英文原文

Title: Food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom: analysis of national data, 1998-2018

Author: Alessia Baseggio Conrado, Despo Ierodiakonou, M Hazel Gowland, Robert J Boyle, Paul J Turner

Issue&Volume: 2021/02/17

Abstract:

Objective To describe time trends for hospital admissions due to food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom over the past 20 years.

Design Analysis of national data, 1998-2018.

Setting Data relating to hospital admissions for anaphylaxis and deaths, and prescription data for adrenaline autoinjector devices.

Participants UK population as a whole and devolved nations (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland).

Main outcome measures Time trends, age, and sex distributions for hospital admissions for anaphylaxis due to food and non-food triggers, and how these admission rates compare with the case fatality rate (number of fatalities as a proportion of hospital admissions).

Results Between 1998 and 2018, 101891 people were admitted to hospital for anaphylaxis. Of these admissions, 30700 (30.1%) were coded as due to a food trigger. Food anaphylaxis admissions increased from 1.23 to 4.04 per 100000 population per year (from 1998 to 2018), an annual increase of 5.7% (95% confidence interval 5.5% to 5.9%, P<0.001). The largest increase in hospital admissions was observed in children younger than 15 years, with an increase from 2.1 to 9.2 admissions per 100000 population per year (an annual increase of 6.6%, 95% confidence interval 6.3% to 7.0%). For comparison, the annual increase was 5.9% (5.6% to 6.2%) in people aged 15-59 years and 2.1% (1.8% to 3.1%) in those aged 60 years and older. 152 deaths were identified where the fatal event was probably caused by food induced anaphylaxis. The case fatality rate decreased from 0.7% to 0.19% for confirmed fatal food anaphylaxis (rate ratio 0.931, 95% confidence interval 0.904 to 0.959, P<0.001) and to 0.30% for suspected fatal food anaphylaxis (0.970, 0.945 to 0.996, P=0.024). At least 46% (86 of 187, which also includes 35 deaths in 1992-98) of deaths were triggered by peanut or tree nut. Cow’s milk was responsible for 17 of 66 (26%) deaths in school aged children. Over the same time period, prescriptions for adrenaline autoinjectors increased by 336% (estimated rate ratio 1.113, 95% confidence interval 1.112 to 1.113; an increase of 11% per year).

Conclusions Hospital admissions for food induced anaphylaxis have increased from 1998 to 2018, however the case fatality rate has decreased. In school aged children, cow’s milk is now the most common single cause of fatal anaphylaxis.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n251

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n251