美国宾夕法尼亚大学Amber L. Alhadeff和J. Nicholas Betley团队合作发现下丘脑通过多样肠-脑途径感知宏量营养素。2021年1月14日，国际学术期刊《细胞-代谢》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员发现在饥饿小鼠中，刺鼠相关蛋白（AgRP）神经元活性受肠道特定部位不同宏量营养素检测的抑制。研究发现迷走肠-脑信号传导是脂肪抑制AgRP神经元所必需的。相比之下，脊髓肠-脑信号传递了肠道葡萄糖存在的信号。此外，研究人员在肠道和肝门静脉中发现了介导葡萄糖依赖性AgRP神经元抑制的葡萄糖传感器。因此，某些宏量营养素会激活不同的途径来抑制AgRP神经元的活性。

据悉，复杂而协调的肠-脑相互作用严格控制食物的摄入量。营养物质迅速调控下丘脑神经元的关键细胞活动，这些细胞调节食物的摄入，包括表达饥饿敏感AgRP神经元。因为某些宏量营养素会通过肠道中特定的受体与大脑进行交流，所以研究人员认为宏量营养素可能利用不同的途径来降低AgRP神经元的活性。

附：英文原文

Title: Hypothalamic detection of macronutrients via multiple gut-brain pathways

Author: Nitsan Goldstein, Aaron D. McKnight, Jamie R.E. Carty, Myrtha Arnold, J. Nicholas Betley, Amber L. Alhadeff

Issue&Volume: 2021-01-14

Abstract: Food intake is tightly regulated by complex and coordinated gut-brain interactions.Nutrients rapidly modulate activity in key populations of hypothalamic neurons thatregulate food intake, including hunger-sensitive agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressingneurons. Because individual macronutrients engage specific receptors in the gut tocommunicate with the brain, we reasoned that macronutrients may utilize differentpathways to reduce activity in AgRP neurons. Here, we revealed that AgRP neuron activityin hungry mice is inhibited by site-specific intestinal detection of different macronutrients.We showed that vagal gut-brain signaling is required for AgRP neuron inhibition byfat. In contrast, spinal gut-brain signaling relays the presence of intestinal glucose.Further, we identified glucose sensors in the intestine and hepatic portal vein thatmediate glucose-dependent AgRP neuron inhibition. Therefore, distinct pathways areactivated by individual macronutrients to inhibit AgRP neuron activity.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.018

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30716-6