美国加州理工学院Pamela J. Bjorkman课题组发现，镶嵌型纳米颗粒可引发对人畜共患冠状病毒的交叉反应性免疫。2021年1月12日，《科学》杂志在线发表了这一最新研究成果。
研究人员制作了具有SARS-CoV-2受体结合结构域（RBD）或与SARS-CoV-2 RBD共同展示的动物同型纳米颗粒，并将它们与对人类构成威胁的动物β冠状病毒的RBD结合在一起（镶嵌型纳米颗粒； 4-8个不同的RBD） 。RBD纳米颗粒而非可溶性抗原可在小鼠中引发交叉反应性结合以及中和反应。与同型SARS-CoV-2–RBD纳米颗粒或COVID-19人体恢复血浆免疫接种的血清相比，镶嵌型RBD纳米颗粒可产生对异源RBD具有更好的交叉反应识别抗体。
此外，与同型SARS-CoV-2–RBD纳米颗粒免疫后的血清相比，初次接种镶嵌型RBD免疫小鼠的血清中和异源假型冠状病毒的效果相同或更好，这表明共展示不会导致针对特定RBD的免疫原性损失。镶嵌型RBD-纳米颗粒的单次免疫提供了一种潜在的策略，该策略可以同时保护SARS-CoV-2和新兴的人畜共患冠状病毒。
据悉，目前迫切需要提供针对SARS-CoV-2和SARS相关人畜共患型冠状病毒的防护。
附：英文原文
Title: Mosaic nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive immune responses to zoonotic coronaviruses in mice
Author: Alexander A. Cohen, Priyanthi N. P. Gnanapragasam, Yu E. Lee, Pauline R. Hoffman, Susan Ou, Leesa M. Kakutani, Jennifer R. Keeffe, Hung-Jen Wu, Mark Howarth, Anthony P. West, Christopher O. Barnes, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Pamela J. Bjorkman
Issue&Volume: 2021/01/12
Abstract: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related emergent zoonotic coronaviruses is urgently needed. We made homotypic nanoparticles displaying the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 or co-displaying SARS-CoV-2 RBD along with RBDs from animal betacoronaviruses that represent threats to humans (mosaic nanoparticles; 4-8 distinct RBDs). Mice immunized with RBD-nanoparticles, but not soluble antigen, elicited cross-reactive binding and neutralization responses. Mosaic-RBD-nanoparticles elicited antibodies with superior cross-reactive recognition of heterologous RBDs compared to sera from immunizations with homotypic SARS-CoV-2–RBD-nanoparticles or COVID-19 convalescent human plasmas. Moreover, sera from mosaic-RBD–immunized mice neutralized heterologous pseudotyped coronaviruses equivalently or better after priming than sera from homotypic SARS-CoV-2–RBD-nanoparticle immunizations, demonstrating no immunogenicity loss against particular RBDs resulting from co-display. A single immunization with mosaic-RBD-nanoparticles provides a potential strategy to simultaneously protect against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging zoonotic coronaviruses.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6840
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/01/11/science.abf6840