美国国立卫生研究院Heather D. Hickman小组发现，1型先天性淋巴样细胞来源的干扰素γ在黏膜上皮细胞中提供抗病毒警戒。相关论文于2021年1月21日发表在《免疫》杂志上。

研究人员证明1型先天淋巴样细胞（ILC1s）是主要的免疫力，从而在急性口腔粘膜病毒感染期间提供早期保护。通过使用活体显微镜检查，研究人员显示ILC1s居住并巡逻未感染的唇粘膜。在没有感染的情况下，ILC1s产生干扰素γ（IFN-γ），导致关键的抗病毒基因上调；在ILC1s的基因消融或基于抗体的IFN-γ中和后，未感染动物中的抗病毒基因被下调。因此，即使在感染之前，IFN-γ的产生也会增加口腔粘膜病毒的抵抗力。

这些研究结果表明，在不存在重排抗原受体的情况下，通过组织监测可以实现屏障组织的保护，并且在体内稳态过程中诱导抗病毒状态。这些发现表明，ILC1这些细胞不与其他组织驻留淋巴细胞共享真正的功能冗余性。

据介绍，口咽粘膜是病原体的进入位点，也是病毒复制和传播的关键部位。

附：英文原文

Title: Group 1 innate lymphoid-cell-derived interferon-γ maintains anti-viral vigilance in the mucosal epithelium

Author: John P. Shannon, Sophia M. Vrba, Glennys V. Reynoso, Erica Wynne-Jones, Olena Kamenyeva, Courtney S. Malo, Christian R. Cherry, Daniel T. McManus, Heather D. Hickman

Issue&Volume: 2021-01-11

Abstract: The oropharyngeal mucosa serves as a perpetual pathogen entry point and a criticalsite for viral replication and spread. Here, we demonstrate that type 1 innate lymphoidcells (ILC1s) were the major immune force providing early protection during acuteoral mucosal viral infection. Using intravital microscopy, we show that ILC1s populatedand patrolled the uninfected labial mucosa. ILC1s produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inthe absence of infection, leading to the upregulation of key antiviral genes, whichwere downregulated in uninfected animals upon genetic ablation of ILC1s or antibody-basedneutralization of IFN-γ. Thus, tonic IFN-γ production generates increased oral mucosalviral resistance even before infection. Our results demonstrate barrier-tissue protectionthrough tissue surveillance in the absence of rearranged-antigen receptors and theinduction of an antiviral state during homeostasis. This aspect of ILC1 biology raisesthe possibility that these cells do not share true functional redundancy with othertissue-resident lymphocytes.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.004

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(20)30532-X