美国国立卫生研究院Michael J. Krashes研究组取得最新进展。他们发现高脂饮食（HFD）偏向于下丘脑和中脑边缘的完善运动。相关论文于2020年8月3日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《自然-神经科学》杂志上。

使用被动贬值范式，他们发现暴露于HFD会抑制营养均衡的标准饮食（SD）的摄入，而与年龄、性别、应计体重和瘦素或黑皮质素4受体信号传导无关。纵向记录显示，此SD贬值以及随后向HFD消耗的转移，在下丘脑刺痛相关肽神经元和中脑边缘多巴胺信号传导水平被编码。先前的HFD消耗大大降低了SD能力，缓解与饥饿相关的负价态，以及即使在HFD禁期后仍能发现食物的有益特性。

这些数据揭示了节食困难背后的神经基础。Mazzone和Liang-Guallpa等，证明食用高脂食物可以快速、持久地调节大脑的平行循环，以驱动高脂饮食的摄入，同时即使在饥饿严重的情况下，也会降低SD。

研究人员表示，人们在致肥胖环境中，保持健康的体重越来越困难。节食努力常常被消耗高能量食物所妥协。尽管可以跨物种识别出热量丰富的底物不是健康选择，但这种选择背后的机制仍然知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: High-fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives

Author: Christopher M. Mazzone, Jing Liang-Guallpa, Chia Li, Nora S. Wolcott, Montana H. Boone, Morgan Southern, Nicholas P. Kobzar, Isabel de Araujo Salgado, Deepa M. Reddy, Fangmiao Sun, Yajun Zhang, Yulong Li, Guohong Cui, Michael J. Krashes

Issue&Volume: 2020-08-03

Abstract: Maintaining healthy body weight is increasingly difficult in our obesogenic environment. Dieting efforts are often overpowered by the internal drive to consume energy-dense foods. Although the selection of calorically rich substrates over healthier options is identifiable across species, the mechanisms behind this choice remain poorly understood. Using a passive devaluation paradigm, we found that exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) suppresses the intake of nutritionally balanced standard chow diet (SD) irrespective of age, sex, body mass accrual and functional leptin or melanocortin-4 receptor signaling. Longitudinal recordings revealed that this SD devaluation and subsequent shift toward HFD consumption is encoded at the level of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide neurons and mesolimbic dopamine signaling. Prior HFD consumption vastly diminished the capacity of SD to alleviate the negative valence associated with hunger and the rewarding properties of food discovery even after periods of HFD abstinence. These data reveal a neural basis behind the hardships of dieting. Mazzone and Liang-Guallpa et al. demonstrate that consuming high-fat foods rapidly and durably tunes parallel brain circuits to drive intake of a high-fat diet while devaluing a nutritionally balanced, standard diet even under states of intense hunger.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0684-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0684-9