丹麦奥尔胡斯大学Torben Sigsgaard团队分析了空气污染和家庭因素与儿童哮喘发病和持续喘息的相关性。2020年8月19日，该研究发表在《英国医学杂志》上。

为了确定儿童哮喘发作和持续喘息的危险因素（空气污染和家庭因素），研究组在丹麦进行了一项全国性病例对照研究，招募1997-2014年出生的儿童，均患有哮喘发作和持续喘息，从1岁随访至15岁。主要结局为哮喘和持续喘息发作。

父母患有哮喘（校正后风险比为2.29）和怀孕期间母亲吸烟（1.20）的儿童哮喘发病率较高，而父母受教育程度较高（0.72）和父母高收入（0.85）的儿童哮喘发病率较低。

暴露于≤2.5µm（PM2.5）和≤10µm（PM10）的颗粒物和光气中，儿童患哮喘和持续喘息的风险增加，PM2.5、PM10和氮氧化物污染物浓度每增加5 µg/m³风险比分别为1.05、1.04和1.04。在不同模型和敏感性分析中，只有PM2.5与哮喘和持续性喘息呈正相关。

研究结果表明，与未接触PM2.5的儿童相比，接触较高浓度PM2.5的儿童更容易出现哮喘和持续喘息。与这些结果相关的其他危险因素包括父母哮喘、父母受教育程度和母亲孕期吸烟。

附：英文原文

Title: Air pollution and family related determinants of asthma onset and persistent wheezing in children: nationwide case-control study

Author: Gitte J Holst, Carsten B Pedersen, Malene Thygesen, Jrgen Brandt, Camilla Geels, Jakob H Bnlkke, Torben Sigsgaard

Issue&Volume: 2020/08/19

Abstract:

Objective To identify risk factors (air pollution and family related) for the onset of asthma and persistent wheezing in children.

Design Nationwide case-control study.

Setting Denmark.

Participants All Danish children born from 1997 to 2014 and followed for asthma onset and persistent wheezing from age 1 year to 15 years.

Main outcome measure Onset of asthma and persistent wheezing.

Results A higher incidence of asthma was found in children of parents with asthma (adjusted hazard ratio 2.29 (95% confidence interval 2.22 to 2.35) and mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1.20, 1.18 to 1.22), whereas a lower incidence was found in children of parents with high educational attainment (0.72, 0.69 to 0.75) and high incomes (0.85, 0.81 to 0.89). Exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) and nitrate was associated with an increased risk of asthma and persistent wheezing, with hazard ratios per 5 μg/m3 increase in pollutant concentrations 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) for PM2.5, 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) for PM10, and 1.04 (1.03 to 1.04) for nitrogen dioxide. Only the positive association of PM2.5 with asthma and persistent wheezing remained robust across the different models and in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that children exposed to higher levels of PM2.5 are more likely to develop asthma and persistent wheezing than children who are not exposed. Other risk factors associated with these outcomes were parental asthma, parental education, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2791

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m2791