当前位置:科学网首页 > 小柯机器人 >详情
小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘以改变发育性髓鞘形成
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2020/7/8 8:59:45

美国科罗拉多大学Bruce Appel研究组近日取得一项新成果。他们发现小胶质细胞吞噬髓鞘以改变发育性髓鞘形成。 该研究于2020年7月6日发表于《自然—神经科学》。

为了确定小胶质细胞是否也参与髓鞘的清除,研究人员使用斑马鱼来可视化和探索发育过程中小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元之间的相互作用。研究人员发现小胶质细胞与少突胶质细胞,特别是吞噬细胞髓磷脂鞘紧密相关。通过联合使用光学、遗传、化学和行为学的方法,研究揭示了神经元活动双向平衡了与小胶质细胞有关的神经元细胞体和视顶盖中髓鞘磷脂的吞噬作用。

此外,多种减少小胶质细胞的方法会导致少突胶质细胞数量过多和异位髓磷脂的产生。该工作揭示了神经胶质细胞在调控少突胶质细胞髓鞘定向发展过程中的神经元活性调节作用。

据介绍,在发育过程中,少突胶质细胞与髓鞘磷脂接触并包裹神经元轴突。与神经元和突触类似,发育过程中产生的多余髓鞘会被选择性清除,但是尚不清楚其清除机制。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞,其吞噬了多余的神经元和突触。

附:英文原文

Title: Microglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination

Author: Alexandria N. Hughes, Bruce Appel

Issue&Volume: 2020-07-06

Abstract: During development, oligodendrocytes contact and wrap neuronal axons with myelin. Similarly to neurons and synapses, excess myelin sheaths are produced and selectively eliminated, but how elimination occurs is unknown. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, engulf surplus neurons and synapses. To determine whether microglia also prune myelin sheaths, we used zebrafish to visualize and manipulate interactions between microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons during development. We found that microglia closely associate with oligodendrocytes and specifically phagocytose myelin sheaths. By using a combination of optical, genetic, chemogenetic, and behavioral approaches, we reveal that neuronal activity bidirectionally balances microglial association with neuronal cell bodies and myelin phagocytosis in the optic tectum. Furthermore, multiple strategies to deplete microglia resulted in oligodendrocytes maintaining excessive and ectopic myelin. Our work reveals a neuronal activity-regulated role for microglia in modifying developmental myelin targeting by oligodendrocytes. Microglia refine the developing CNS by engulfing excess neurons and synapses. Hughes and Appel here show that microglia also prune myelin sheaths in a neuronal activity-regulated manner to sculpt developmental myelination.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0654-2

期刊信息

Nature Neuroscience:《自然—神经科学》,创刊于1998年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新if:21.126
官方网址:https://www.nature.com/neuro/
投稿链接:https://mts-nn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex