2020年6月4日,《细胞》杂志在线发表了美国哥伦比亚大学Eric C. Greene小组的最新成果。他们发现,Rad54在同源重组(HR)过程中驱动ATP水解依赖性的DNA序列比对。
研究人员使用单分子成像来证明了Rad54(一种在所有真核生物中均发现的保守Snf2样蛋白)将同源性搜索从基础HR机器的扩散途径转换为主动过程。在这一主动过程中,DNA序列通过 ATP依赖性分子马达驱动的机制来对齐。
研究人员进一步证明Rad54破坏了供体模板链,使搜索能够在由复制蛋白A(RPA)结合的DNA气泡状结构中进行。这些研究结果表明,Rad54与RPA一起可以从根本上改变HR期间DNA序列的排列方式。
据了解,HR有助于维持基因组完整性,并且HR缺陷会导致疾病,尤其是癌症。在HR期间,必须通过称为同源性搜索的过程将受损的DNA与未损坏的模板对齐。尽管进行了数十年的研究,但此搜索的关键方面仍不确定。
附:英文原文
Title: Rad54 Drives ATP Hydrolysis-Dependent DNA Sequence Alignment during Homologous Recombination
Author: J. Brooks Crickard, Corentin J. Moevus, Youngho Kwon, Patrick Sung, Eric C. Greene
Issue&Volume: 2020-06-04
Abstract: Homologous recombination (HR) helps maintain genome integrity, and HR defects giverise to disease, especially cancer. During HR, damaged DNA must be aligned with anundamaged template through a process referred to as the homology search. Despite decadesof study, key aspects of this search remain undefined. Here, we use single-moleculeimaging to demonstrate that Rad54, a conserved Snf2-like protein found in all eukaryotes,switches the search from the diffusion-based pathways characteristic of the basalHR machinery to an active process in which DNA sequences are aligned via an ATP-dependentmolecular motor-driven mechanism. We further demonstrate that Rad54 disrupts the donortemplate strands, enabling the search to take place within a migrating DNA bubble-likestructure that is bound by replication protein A (RPA). Our results reveal that Rad54,working together with RPA, fundamentally alters how DNA sequences are aligned duringHR.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.056
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30562-6