美国哈佛大学Douglas A. Melton、Aharon Helman、麻省理工学院David M. Sabatini等研究人员合作发现，出生时的营养感应转变触发葡萄糖响应性胰岛素的分泌。相关论文于2020年5月5日发表在国际学术期刊《细胞—代谢》杂志上。

Title: A Nutrient-Sensing Transition at Birth Triggers Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion

Author: Aharon Helman, Andrew L. Cangelosi, Jeffrey C. Davis, Quan Pham, Arielle Rothman, Aubrey L. Faust, Juerg R. Straubhaar, David M. Sabatini, Douglas A. Melton

Issue&Volume: 2020/05/05

Abstract: A drastic transition at birth, from constant maternal nutrient supply in utero to intermittent postnatal feeding, requires changes in the metabolic system of theneonate. Despite their central role in metabolic homeostasis, little is known abouthow pancreatic β cells adjust to the new nutritional challenge. Here, we find thatafter birth β cell function shifts from amino acid- to glucose-stimulated insulinsecretion in correlation with the change in the nutritional environment. This adaptationis mediated by a transition in nutrient sensitivity of the mTORC1 pathway, which leadsto intermittent mTORC1 activity. Disrupting nutrient sensitivity of mTORC1 in matureβ cells reverts insulin secretion to a functionally immature state. Finally, manipulatingnutrient sensitivity of mTORC1 in stem cell-derived β cells in vitro strongly enhances their glucose-responsive insulin secretion. These results reveala mechanism by which nutrients regulate β cell function, thereby enabling a metabolicadaptation for the newborn.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.004

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30186-8