澳大利亚EnGeneIC公司Himanshu Brahmbhatt及其团队开发出治疗肿瘤的细胞免疫疗法：一种由肿瘤靶向的、细胞毒性药物包装微生物来源的纳米细胞所引发的途径。2020年3月16日出版的《癌细胞》发表了这项成果。

研究人员证明，靶向肿瘤的EDV纳米细胞可作为一种免疫疗法，主要通过与免疫系统的激活相结合运输细胞毒素来进行。这些纳米细胞极化M1巨噬细胞并激活NK细胞，同时产生Th1细胞因子反应，从而产生有效的抗肿瘤功能。

随后发生树突状细胞成熟和抗原呈递，从而产生肿瘤特异性CD8 + T细胞，从而缓解肿瘤进展。细胞毒素的传递与先天性和适应性抗肿瘤免疫反应的激活相结合，可产生有效的细胞免疫治疗方法，在临床肿瘤学中具有潜力。

研究人员表示，免疫疗法已成为对抗癌症的强有力的新篇章。然而，部分由于肿瘤免疫应答的复杂性，它尚未发挥其全部潜力。

附：英文原文

Title: Cyto-Immuno-Therapy for Cancer: A Pathway Elicited by Tumor-Targeted, Cytotoxic Drug-Packaged Bacterially Derived Nanocells

Author: Sharon M. Sagnella, Lu Yang, Gemma E. Stubbs, Ebru Boslem, Estefania Martino-Echarri, Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Stacey L. Pattison, Natasha Vanegas, Eva St. Clair, Stephen Clarke, John Boockvar, Jennifer A. MacDiarmid, Himanshu Brahmbhatt

Issue&Volume: 2020/03/16

Abstract: Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful new chapter in the fight against cancer. However,it has yet to reach its full potential due in part to the complexity of the cancerimmune response. We demonstrate that tumor-targeting EDV nanocells function as animmunotherapeutic by delivering a cytotoxin in conjunction with activation of theimmune system. These nanocells polarize M1 macrophages and activate NK cells concurrentlyproducing a Th1 cytokine response resulting in potent antitumor function. Dendriticcell maturation and antigen presentation follows, which generates tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, conferring prolonged tumor remission. The combination of cytotoxin deliveryand activation of innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses results in a potentcyto-immunotherapeutic with potential in clinical oncology.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.02.001

Source: https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/S1535-6108(20)30090-8