美国华盛顿大学医学院Jakob von Moltke研究组提出，簇状细胞来源的白三烯可在小肠中快速产生抗寄生虫免疫力，但对于抗原生生物免疫是不重要的。该研究于2020年3月10日发表于国际学术期刊《免疫学》杂志上。

他们显示簇状细胞分泌半胱氨酰白三烯（cysLTs），以在寄生虫感染的化学感应后迅速激活2型免疫。CysLT与白介素25（IL-25）协同激活第2组先天淋巴样细胞（ILC2s），白三烯合成的簇状细胞特异性消融可减弱2型免疫力并延迟寄生虫清除。

相反，对于肠道原生生物诱导的簇状细胞反应，cysLTs是必不可少的。他们的发现确定了额外的簇状细胞效应子功能，并提出了小肠内簇状ILC2回路的环境特定调节。

据了解，寄生虫、过敏原和某些原生生物诱导2型免疫反应，但对免疫激活的潜在机制仍知之甚少。在小肠中，上皮簇状细胞的化学感应导致ILC2激活，随后驱动簇状细胞频率增加。该前馈回路对于肠道重塑和清除蠕虫至关重要。ILC2激活需要簇状细胞来源的IL-25，但是否有其他信号调节回路尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Tuft-Cell-Derived Leukotrienes Drive Rapid Anti-helminth Immunity in the Small Intestine but Are Dispensable for Anti-protist Immunity

Author: John W. McGinty, Hung-An Ting, Tyler E. Billipp, Marija S. Nadjsombati, Danish M. Khan, Nora A. Barrett, Hong-Erh Liang, Ichiro Matsumoto, Jakob von Moltke

Issue&Volume: 2020-03-10

Abstract: Helminths, allergens, and certain protists induce type 2 immune responses, but theunderlying mechanisms of immune activation remain poorly understood. In the smallintestine, chemosensing by epithelial tuft cells results in the activation of group2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which subsequently drive increased tuft cell frequency.This feedforward circuit is essential for intestinal remodeling and helminth clearance.ILC2 activation requires tuft-cell-derived interleukin-25 (IL-25), but whether additionalsignals regulate the circuit is unclear. Here, we show that tuft cells secrete cysteinylleukotrienes (cysLTs) to rapidly activate type 2 immunity following chemosensing ofhelminth infection. CysLTs cooperate with IL-25 to activate ILC2s, and tuft-cell-specificablation of leukotriene synthesis attenuates type 2 immunity and delays helminth clearance.Conversely, cysLTs are dispensable for the tuft cell response induced by intestinalprotists. Our findings identify an additional tuft cell effector function and suggestcontext-specific regulation of tuft-ILC2 circuits within the small intestine.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.005

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(20)30076-5