美国华盛顿大学Edward P. Kolodziej研究团队发现，橡胶轮胎产生的化学物质会导致银鲑鱼急性死亡。该项研究成果于2020年12月3日在线发表在《科学》杂志上。

研究人员表示，在美国太平洋西北部的银鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）中，成年鲑鱼迁移到城市小溪繁殖时，暴雨接触每年都会导致无法解释的急性死亡。

通过研究此现象，研究人员确定了6PPD（N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)，一种全球通用的轮胎橡胶抗氧化剂）的高毒醌转化产物。对美国西海岸的代表性径流和受暴雨影响的小溪的回顾性分析表明，在有毒浓度（LC50为0.8±0.16 μg/L）下普遍存在6PPD-醌（<0.3-19 μg/L）。

这些结果揭示了6PPD抗氧化剂对水生物种的意外危害，并提示了轮胎橡胶残留物的毒理学意义。

附：英文原文

Title: A ubiquitous tire rubber–derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon

Author: Zhenyu Tian, Haoqi Zhao, Katherine T. Peter, Melissa Gonzalez, Jill Wetzel, Christopher Wu, Ximin Hu, Jasmine Prat, Emma Mudrock, Rachel Hettinger, Allan E. Cortina, Rajshree Ghosh Biswas, Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock, Ronald Soong, Amy Jenne, Bowen Du, Fan Hou, Huan He, Rachel Lundeen, Alicia Gilbreath, Rebecca Sutton, Nathaniel L. Scholz, Jay W. Davis, Michael C. Dodd, Andre Simpson, Jenifer K. McIntyre, Edward P. Kolodziej

Issue&Volume: 2020/12/03

Abstract: In U.S. Pacific Northwest coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), stormwater exposure annually causes unexplained acute mortality when adult salmon migrate to urban creeks to reproduce. By investigating this phenomenon, we identified a highly toxic quinone transformation product of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) (6PPD), a globally ubiquitous tire rubber antioxidant. Retrospective analysis of representative roadway runoff and stormwater-impacted creeks of the U.S. West Coast indicated widespread occurrence of 6PPD-quinone (<0.3-19 μg/L) at toxic concentrations (LC50 of 0.8 ± 0.16 μg/L). These results reveal unanticipated risks of 6PPD antioxidants to an aquatic species and imply toxicological relevance for dissipated tire rubber residues.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6951

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/12/02/science.abd6951