比利时鲁汶大学Kai Dallmeier等研究人员发现，减毒YF17D载体可作为SARS-CoV-2候选疫苗。相关论文于2020年12月1日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员报道了使用黄热病17D（YF17D）疫苗作为载体表达SARS-CoV-2突刺抗原的活病毒候选疫苗。研究人员在几种动物模型中评估疫苗的安全性、免疫原性和功效。候选疫苗YF-S0具有出色的安全性，可在仓鼠、小鼠和食蟹猕猴中诱导出高水平的SARS-CoV-2中和抗体，并因此具有针对YFV的保护性免疫力。如小鼠中观察到的，体液免疫由Th1细胞介导的良好免疫应答所补充。在严格的仓鼠模型中以及在非人类灵长类动物中，YF-S0都可以预防SARS-CoV-2的感染。

此外，在仓鼠中，单剂量可以在10天内为大多数接种疫苗的动物提供预防肺部疾病的保护。总之，这些结果表明可进一步开发这种有效的SARS-CoV-2候选疫苗。

据介绍，COVID-19的大流行迫切需要人们开发安全、有效和速效的疫苗。利用多个疫苗平台可以快速做出紧急响应。

附：英文原文

Title: A single-dose live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate

Author: Lorena Sanchez-Felipe, Thomas Vercruysse, Sapna Sharma, Ji Ma, Viktor Lemmens, Dominique Van Looveren, Mahadesh Prasad Arkalagud Javarappa, Robbert Boudewijns, Bert Malengier-Devlies, Laurens Liesenborghs, Suzanne J. F. Kaptein, Carolien De Keyzer, Lindsey Bervoets, Sarah Debaveye, Madina Rasulova, Laura Seldeslachts, Li-Hsin Li, Sander Jansen, Michael Bright Yakass, Babs E. Verstrepen, Kinga P. Bszrmnyi, Gwendoline Kiemenyi-Kayere, Nikki van Driel, Osbourne Quaye, Xin Zhang, Sebastiaan ter Horst, Niraj Mishra, Ward Deboutte, Jelle Matthijnssens, Lotte Coelmont, Corinne Vandermeulen, Elisabeth Heylen, Valentijn Vergote, Dominique Schols, Zhongde Wang, Willy Bogers, Thijs Kuiken, Ernst Verschoor, Christopher Cawthorne, Koen Van Laere, Ghislain Opdenakker, Greetje Vande Velde, Birgit Weynand, Dirk E. Teuwen, Patrick Matthys, Johan Neyts, Hendrik Jan Thibaut, Kai Dallmeier

Issue&Volume: 2020-12-01

Abstract: The explosively expanding COVID-19 pandemic urges the development of safe, efficacious and fast-acting vaccines. Several vaccine platforms are leveraged for a rapid emergency response1. We describe the discovery of a live virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using the yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine as vector to express a non-cleavable prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen. We assess vaccine safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in several animal models. Vaccine candidate YF-S0 has an outstanding safety profile and induces high levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in hamsters, mice and cynomolgus macaques and concomitantly a protective immunity against YFV. Humoral immunity is complemented by a favourable Th1 cell-mediated immune response as profiled in mice. In a stringent hamster model2 as well as in non-human primates, YF-S0 prevents infection with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, in hamsters, a single dose confers protection from lung disease in most vaccinated animals within 10 days. Taken together, the quality of immune responses triggered and the rapid kinetics by which protective immunity can be mounted already after a single dose warrant further development this potent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3035-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-3035-9