美国艾拉勒梅鲍姆癌症免疫研究所Ben Boursi研究组取得最新进展。他们提出粪便微生物群移植可促进免疫治疗难治性黑素瘤患者的反应。2020年12月10日国际知名学术期刊《科学》杂志发表了这一成果。

他们进行了一项I期临床试验，以评估10例抗PD-1难治性转移性黑色素瘤患者粪便微生物群移植（FMT）的安全性和可行性以及抗PD-1免疫疗法的再诱导。他们观察了三名患者的临床反应，包括两个部分反应和一个完全反应。值得注意的是，FMT治疗与肠道固有层和肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞浸润和基因表达谱的有利变化有关。总之，这些早期发现对于调节癌症治疗中的肠道菌群具有重要意义。

据介绍，在临床前小鼠模型和观察患者中，肠道微生物组已显示可影响肿瘤对抗PD-1免疫疗法的反应。然而，尚未在临床试验中研究癌症患者中肠道菌群的调节。

附：英文原文

Title: Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients

Author: Erez N. Baruch, Ilan Youngster, Guy Ben-Betzalel, Rona Ortenberg, Adi Lahat, Lior Katz, Katerina Adler, Daniela Dick-Necula, Stephen Raskin, Naamah Bloch, Daniil Rotin, Liat Anafi, Camila Avivi, Jenny Melnichenko, Yael Steinberg-Silman, Ronac Mamtani, Hagit Harati, Nethanel Asher, Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Yael Eshet, Shira Ben-Simon, Oren Ziv, Md Abdul Wadud Khan, Moran Amit, Nadim J. Ajami, Iris Barshack, Jacob Schachter, Jennifer A. Wargo, Omry Koren, Gal Markel, Ben Boursi

Issue&Volume: 2020/12/10

Abstract: The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the response of tumors to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in pre-clinical mouse models and observational patient cohorts. However, modulation of gut microbiota in cancer patients has not been investigated in clinical trials. Here we performed a phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and re-induction of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in ten patients with anti-PD-1-refractory metastatic melanoma. We observed clinical responses in three patients, including two partial responses and one complete response. Notably, treatment with FMT was associated with favorable changes in immune cell infiltrates and gene expression profiles in both the gut lamina propria and the tumor microenvironment. Together, these early findings have important implications for modulating the gut microbiota in cancer treatment.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5920

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/12/09/science.abb5920