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温度和能量可用性调控细胞粘度
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2020/11/7 15:27:06

美国斯坦福大学Onn Brandman研究团队发现,温度和能量可用性调控细胞粘度。这一研究成果于2020年11月5日在线发表在《细胞》上。

研究人员揭示了出芽酵母通过响应温度和能量使用来调节粘度的机制。这种“黏度适应”利用糖原和海藻糖的调节性合成来改变细胞溶胶的粘度。黏度适应起着应激反应和稳态机制的作用,使细胞能够在20°C的温度范围内保持不变的扩散。
 
对黏度适应的干扰会影响溶解度和相分离,表明黏度适应可能会对细胞中的多个生物物理过程产生影响。降低ATP的条件会触发黏度适应,将能量可用性与扩散控制过程的速率调节联系起来。黏度适应表明粘度是可调节的属性,从而在不断变化的环境中调节扩散控制的过程。
 
研究人员介绍,细胞功能需要在时间和空间上协调数千种分子相互作用。然而,细胞中的大多数分子都是通过扩散移动的,这对诸如温度之类的外部因素很敏感。细胞如何在宽泛的温度范围内维持复杂的扩散系统尚不清楚。
 
附:英文原文

Title: Cellular Control of Viscosity Counters Changes in Temperature and Energy Availability

Author: Laura B. Persson, Vardhaan S. Ambati, Onn Brandman

Issue&Volume: 2020-11-05

Abstract: Cellular functioning requires the orchestration of thousands of molecular interactionsin time and space. Yet most molecules in a cell move by diffusion, which is sensitiveto external factors like temperature. How cells sustain complex, diffusion-based systemsacross wide temperature ranges is unknown. Here, we uncover a mechanism by which buddingyeast modulate viscosity in response to temperature and energy availability. This“viscoadaptation” uses regulated synthesis of glycogen and trehalose to vary the viscosityof the cytosol. Viscoadaptation functions as a stress response and a homeostatic mechanism,allowing cells to maintain invariant diffusion across a 20°C temperature range. Perturbationsto viscoadaptation affect solubility and phase separation, suggesting that viscoadaptationmay have implications for multiple biophysical processes in the cell. Conditions thatlower ATP trigger viscoadaptation, linking energy availability to rate regulationof diffusion-controlled processes. Viscoadaptation reveals viscosity to be a tunableproperty for regulating diffusion-controlled processes in a changing environment.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.017

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31380-5

期刊信息
Cell:《细胞》,创刊于1974年。隶属于细胞出版社,最新IF:36.216
官方网址:https://www.cell.com/