美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校Aaron A. Koning研究组发现地区性保护区网络有利于保护热带河流鱼类的多样性。该项研究成果在线发表在2020年11月25日出版的《自然》上。

研究人员表明，泰国萨尔温江流域23个独立创建的保护区相对于邻近地区而言，鱼类的丰富度、密度和生物量显著增加。

此外，海洋生态系统保护区成功与否的关键，尤其是保护区的规模和实施，可以预测河流保护区之间的生态效益差异。在河流网络中占据中心位置可以带来额外的收益，这突显了河流网络系统内部重要的连通性。鉴于这些保护区成立时间不长（不到25年），并且没有经过正式的协调就产生了，因此基于河流网络的优势是显著的。淡水生态系统在全球保护区中的数量并不多，该研究结果表明，随着世界河流面临前所未有的压力，以地区为基础的小型保护区网络为保护生物多样性和增加渔业提供了可推广的模式。

据了解，高强度捕鱼减少了全球水生生态系统中鱼类生物的多样性和丰富度。“限制捕捞”海洋保护区已成为保护海洋生态系统渔业管理的基石，当保护区促进附近保护区之间的协同增加时，它们对相邻渔业的收益将最大化。但是在很大程度上，这种海洋保护区网络模式对河流生物多样性和内陆渔业的适用性尚未得到检验。

附：英文原文

Title: A network of grassroots reserves protects tropical river fish diversity

Author: Aaron A. Koning, K. Martin Perales, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Peter B. McIntyre

Issue&Volume: 2020-11-25

Abstract: Intensive fisheries have reduced fish biodiversity and abundance in aquatic ecosystems worldwide1,2,3. ‘No-take’ marine reserves have become a cornerstone of marine ecosystem-based fisheries management4,5,6, and their benefits for adjacent fisheries are maximized when reserve design fosters synergies among nearby reserves7,8. The applicability of this marine reserve network paradigm to riverine biodiversity and inland fisheries remains largely untested. Here we show that reserves created by 23 separate communities in Thailand’s Salween basin have markedly increased fish richness, density, and biomass relative to adjacent areas. Moreover, key correlates of the success of protected areas in marine ecosystems—particularly reserve size and enforcement—predict differences in ecological benefits among riverine reserves. Occupying a central position in the network confers additional gains, underscoring the importance of connectivity within dendritic river systems. The emergence of network-based benefits is remarkable given that these reserves are young (less than 25 years old) and arose without formal coordination. Freshwater ecosystems are under-represented among the world’s protected areas9, and our findings suggest that networks of small, community-based reserves offer a generalizable model for protecting biodiversity and augmenting fisheries as the world’s rivers face unprecedented pressures10,11.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2944-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2944-y