英国弗朗西斯·克里克研究所Pontus Skoglund等研究人员合作揭示了人类驯化狗的历史。该项研究成果发表在2020年10月30日出版的《科学》杂志上。
研究人员对27只古代狗的基因组进行了测序，发现所有狗都有一个共同的祖先，而与当今的狼不同，自驯养以来于狼群的基因流有限，但狗对狼群的基因流却很大。到11,000年前，至少有五种主要的祖先血统已经多样化，这表明了旧石器时代狗的悠久遗传史。与人类基因组的共同分析揭示了反映人类的狗群体历史的各个方面，包括非洲与黎凡特有关的血统以及早期的农业欧洲。其他方面也有所不同，包括西欧和东欧亚大陆草原牧民扩张的影响以及新石器时代欧洲狗祖先的近乎完全转变。
研究人员介绍，狗是第一种家养动物，但对其种群历史以及与人类的联系程度知之甚少。
附：英文原文
Title: Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
Author: Anders Bergstrm, Laurent Frantz, Ryan Schmidt, Erik Ersmark, Ophelie Lebrasseur, Linus Girdland-Flink, Audrey T. Lin, Jan Stor, Karl-Gran Sjgren, David Anthony, Ekaterina Antipina, Sarieh Amiri, Guy Bar-Oz, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Jelena Bulatovi, Dorcas Brown, Alberto Carmagnini, Tom Davy, Sergey Fedorov, Ivana Fiore, Deirdre Fulton, Mietje Germonpré, James Haile, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Alexandra Jamieson, Luc Janssens, Irina Kirillova, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Julka Kuzmanovic-Cvetkovi, Yaroslav Kuzmin, Robert J. Losey, Daria Lonjak Dizdar, Marjan Mashkour, Mario Novak, Vedat Onar, David Orton, Maja Pasari, Miljana Radivojevi, Dragana Rajkovi, Benjamin Roberts, Hannah Ryan, Mikhail Sablin, Fedor Shidlovskiy, Ivana Stojanovi, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Katerina Trantalidou, Inga Ullén, Aritza Villaluenga, Paula Wapnish
Issue&Volume: 2020/10/30
Abstract: Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9572
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6516/557