当前位置:科学网首页 > 小柯机器人 >详情
科学家揭示铁甲虫鞘翅的增韧机理
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2020/10/25 21:56:15

美国加利福尼亚大学David Kisailus研究团队发现铁甲虫鞘翅的增韧机理。相关论文于2020年10月21日发表在《自然》杂志上。

他们使用先进的显微镜、光谱学和原位机械测试方法,在该甲虫的外骨骼中识别了大规模结构样式,并研究了由此产生的机械响应和增韧机理。他们重点介绍了一系列相互交叉的缝线,其椭圆形的几何形状和层压的微结构在关键应变下提供了机械互锁和增韧作用,同时避免了灾难性的故障。这些观察结果可用于开发用于连接异种材料的坚韧、抗冲击和抗压的材料。他们通过从仿生复合材料创建互锁缝线来证明这一点,与常用工程接头相比,该缝线显示出更高的韧性。

据介绍,将异种材料(例如塑料和金属)结合到工程结构中仍然是一个挑战。机械紧固,常规焊接和粘合剂粘结是目前用于此目的的技术示例,但是这些方法中的每一种都存在其自身的一系列问题,例如应力集中器的形成或在环境暴露下的降解,强度降低并导致过早失效。在众多动植物物种的生物组织中,已经开发出有效的策略来合成、构建和整合具有卓越机械性能的复合材料。铁甲虫Phloeodes diabolicus的骨骼前爪(elytra)就是很好的例子。由于缺乏逃避捕食者的能力,这种沙漠昆虫具有极强的抗冲击和抗压碎鞘翅,由复杂且渐变的界面产生。

附:英文原文

Title: Toughening mechanisms of the elytra of the diabolical ironclad beetle

Author: Jesus Rivera, Maryam Sadat Hosseini, David Restrepo, Satoshi Murata, Drago Vasile, Dilworth Y. Parkinson, Harold S. Barnard, Atsushi Arakaki, Pablo Zavattieri, David Kisailus

Issue&Volume: 2020-10-21

Abstract: Joining dissimilar materials such as plastics and metals in engineered structures remains a challenge1. Mechanical fastening, conventional welding and adhesive bonding are examples of techniques currently used for this purpose, but each of these methods presents its own set of problems2 such as formation of stress concentrators or degradation under environmental exposure, reducing strength and causing premature failure. In the biological tissues of numerous animal and plant species, efficient strategies have evolved to synthesize, construct and integrate composites that have exceptional mechanical properties3. One impressive example is found in the exoskeletal forewings (elytra) of the diabolical ironclad beetle, Phloeodes diabolicus. Lacking the ability to fly away from predators, this desert insect has extremely impact-resistant and crush-resistant elytra, produced by complex and graded interfaces. Here, using advanced microscopy, spectroscopy and in situ mechanical testing, we identify multiscale architectural designs within the exoskeleton of this beetle, and examine the resulting mechanical response and toughening mechanisms. We highlight a series of interdigitated sutures, the ellipsoidal geometry and laminated microstructure of which provide mechanical interlocking and toughening at critical strains, while avoiding catastrophic failure. These observations could be applied in developing tough, impact- and crush-resistant materials for joining dissimilar materials. We demonstrate this by creating interlocking sutures from biomimetic composites that show a considerable increase in toughness compared with a frequently used engineering joint. A jigsaw-style configuration of interlocking structures identified in the elytra of the remarkably tough diabolical ironclad beetle, Phloeodes diabolicus, is used to inspire crush-resistant multilayer composites for engineering joints.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2813-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2813-8

期刊信息

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:43.07
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html