美国国立卫生研究院M. Di Mascio团队的一项最新研究，对一种α4β7抗体控制猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIVmac239-nef-stop）的感染进行了评估。这一研究成果于2019年9月6日发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。

据报道，用短期抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）和部分重叠的抗整合素α4β7输入进行治疗的SIV感染恒河猴可诱导出持久的治疗后病毒抑制效果。

为了重复这些观察结果，研究人员用相同病毒以及相同的ART和单克隆抗体（mAb，抗α4β7与对照mAb进行比较）疗法处理了感染的猕猴。测序证明使用的病毒实际上是SIVmac239-nef-stop，而不是野生型SIVmac239。在感染后2周，在减毒的Nef-STOP病毒到致病性Nef-OPEN的修复频率与和血浆SIV RNA水平之间发现了正相关性。第一次抗体输入前的血浆病毒血症水平和α4β7高表达、CD4阳性T细胞的预感染水平（未用α4β7抗体治疗），与所有治疗中断后的病毒复制水平相关。随后的血浆病毒血症、外周血CD4阳性T细胞计数以及淋巴结和直肠组织病毒载量在抗α4β7和对照mAb组之间没有显著差异。

附：英文原文

Title: Evaluation of an antibody to α4β7 in the control of SIVmac239-nef-stop infection

Author: M. Di Mascio, J. D. Lifson, S. Srinivasula, I. Kim, P. DeGrange, B. F. Keele, A. J. Belli, K. A. Reimann, Y. Wang, M. Proschan, H. C. Lane, A. S. Fauci

Issue&Volume: Volume 365 Issue 6457

Abstract: Treatment of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and partially overlapping infusions of antibody to integrin α4β7 was reported to induce durable posttreatment viral suppression. In an attempt to replicate those observations, we treated macaques infected with the same virus and with the same ART and monoclonal antibody (mAb) regimens (anti-α4β7 versus control mAb). Sequencing demonstrated that the virus used was actually SIVmac239-nef-stop, not wild-type SIVmac239. A positive correlation was found at 2 weeks after infection between the frequency of repair of attenuated Nef-STOP virus to pathogenic Nef-OPEN and plasma SIV RNA levels. Levels of plasma viremia before the first antibody infusion and preinfection levels of α4β7hi CD4+ T cells, but not treatment with antibody to α4β7 , correlated with levels of viral replication upon discontinuation of all treatments. Follow-up plasma viremia, peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts, and lymph node and rectal tissue viral load were not significantly different between anti-α4β7 and control mAb groups.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aav6695

Source:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6457/1025