肠道菌群通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶3（HDAC3）调节宿主代谢的昼夜节律，这一成果由美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心Lora V. Hooper研究组近期取得。相关论文发表在2019年9月27日出版的《科学》杂志上。

研究人员发现，肠微菌群通过HDAC3控制小鼠小肠中的昼夜代谢节律。菌群诱导肠上皮HDAC3的表达，其有节奏地被募集到染色质上，并在组蛋白乙酰化、代谢基因表达和养分吸收方面产生同步的昼夜振荡。HDAC3还非典型地起作用，以共激活雌激素相关受体α，诱导脂质转运蛋白Cd36进行菌群依赖的节律性转录，并促进脂质的吸收和饮食诱导的肥胖。

这些发现表明，HDAC3整合了微生物和昼夜节律的信号，以调节昼夜代谢节律，并指出了微生物控制宿主代谢的关键机制。

研究人员表示，昼夜节律是哺乳动物新陈代谢的主要特征，它可使新陈代谢过程与昼夜光照周期同步。

附：英文原文

Title: The intestinal microbiota programs diurnal rhythms in host metabolism through histone deacetylase 3

Author: Zheng Kuang, Yuhao Wang, Yun Li, Cunqi Ye, Kelly A. Ruhn, Cassie L. Behrendt, Eric N. Olson, Lora V. Hooper

Issue&Volume: Volume 365 Issue 6460

Abstract: 

Circadian rhythmicity is a defining feature of mammalian metabolism that synchronizes metabolic processes to day-night light cycles. Here, we show that the intestinal microbiota programs diurnal metabolic rhythms in the mouse small intestine through histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). The microbiota induced expression of intestinal epithelial HDAC3, which was recruited rhythmically to chromatin, and produced synchronized diurnal oscillations in histone acetylation, metabolic gene expression, and nutrient uptake. HDAC3 also functioned noncanonically to coactivate estrogen-related receptor α, inducing microbiota-dependent rhythmic transcription of the lipid transporter gene Cd36 and promoting lipid absorption and diet-induced obesity. Our findings reveal that HDAC3 integrates microbial and circadian cues for regulation of diurnal metabolic rhythms and pinpoint a key mechanism by which the microbiota controls host metabolism.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3134

Source:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6460/1428