加拿大麦吉尔大学的Susanne Bechstedt与美国斯坦福大学的Meng-meng Fu等研究人员合作发现，高尔基体前哨蛋白TPPP促进微管聚集，并对髓鞘形成至关重要。2019年9月12日，《细胞》在线发表了相关论文。

研究人员发现少突胶质细胞含有高尔基体前哨，可作为无中心体微管组织中心（MTOC）。研究人员确定了高尔基体前哨的特定标志——TPPP（微管蛋白聚合促进蛋白） ，研究人员用它来纯化这种细胞器并表征其蛋白质组。在体外无细胞试验中，重组TPPP使微管聚集。来自Tppp敲除（KO）小鼠的原代少突胶质细胞在三维（3D）微纤维上培养时具有异常的微管分支、混合的微管极性和较短的髓鞘。Tppp KO小鼠表现出低髓鞘形成，并具有更短、更薄的髓鞘和运动协调缺陷。总之，这些数据表明TPPP对Golgi前哨细胞体外的微管聚集对髓鞘的伸长至关重要。

据介绍，少突胶质细胞延伸出精细的微管轴，使得每个细胞可接触多达50个轴突节段，然后围绕髓鞘旋转，从而从外层穿透到内层。然而，它们如何建立这种复杂的细胞结构尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: The Golgi Outpost Protein TPPP Nucleates Microtubules and Is Critical for Myelination

Author: Meng-meng Fu, Thomas S. McAlear, Huy Nguyen, Juan A. Oses-Prieto, Alex Valenzuela, Rebecca D. Shi, John J. Perrino, Ting-Ting Huang, Alma L. Burlingame, Susanne Bechstedt, Ben A. Barres

Issue&Volume: 12 September 2019

Summary: 

Oligodendrocytes extend elaborate microtubule arbors that contact up to 50 axon segments per cell, then spiral around myelin sheaths, penetrating from outer to inner layers. However, how they establish this complex cytoarchitecture is unclear. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes contain Golgi outposts, an organelle that can function as an acentrosomal microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). We identify a specific marker for Golgi outposts—TPPP (tubulin polymerization promoting protein)—that we use to purify this organelle and characterize its proteome. In in vitro cell-free assays, recombinant TPPP nucleates microtubules. Primary oligodendrocytes from Tppp knockout (KO) mice have aberrant microtubule branching, mixed microtubule polarity, and shorter myelin sheaths when cultured on 3-dimensional (3D) microfibers. Tppp KO mice exhibit hypomyelination with shorter, thinner myelin sheaths and motor coordination deficits. Together, our data demonstrate that microtubule nucleation outside the cell body at Golgi outposts by TPPP is critical for elongation of the myelin sheath.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.025

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30913-4