美国华盛顿大学医学院Victor Cortez课题组和美国辉瑞公司Scott A. Jelinsky团队合作发现，人类粘膜组织中新的先天性淋巴细胞亚群。相关论文发表在2019年8月出版的《自然—免疫学》杂志上。

研究人员发现，人类扁桃体中的ILC3和ILC3处在不同亚群谱的两端。RNA速率分析鉴定了ILC3-ILC1群体的一个中间态，其更倾向于ILC1。在人源化小鼠中，ILC3对ILC1特征的获取具有组织依赖性。染色质层面的研究表明，转录因子Aiolos与T-bet共同抑制ILC3中调控元件的活跃。一个ILC3-ILC1群体的过渡态也在人类肠道中发现。研究人员认为，ILC3能够在人体组织中转化为ILC1样细胞，并且该过程需要组织因子和Aiolos。

研究人员表示，先天性淋巴细胞（ILC）是组织驻留淋巴细胞，是由其核心调控程序与特征细胞因子的表达而定义的。产生细胞因子白介素22的人类ILC3能够在体外转变为产生干扰素γ的ILC1样细胞，但这种转变是否在体内发生仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Subsets of ILC3−ILC1-like cells generate a diversity spectrum of innate lymphoid cells in human mucosal tissues

Author: Marina Cella, Ramya Gamini, Cristiane Scca, Patrick L. Collins, Shanrong Zhao, Vincent Peng, Michelle L. Robinette, Jorge Schettini, Konstantin Zaitsev, William Gordon, Jennifer K. Bando, Kentaro Yomogida, Victor Cortez

Issue&Volume: Volume 20 Issue 8

Abstract: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes categorized on the basis of their core regulatory programs and the expression of signature cytokines. Human ILC3s that produce the cytokine interleukin-22 convert into ILC1-like cells that produce interferon- in vitro, but whether this conversion occurs in vivo remains unclear. In the present study we found that ILC3s and ILC1s in human tonsils represented the ends of a spectrum that included additional discrete subsets. RNA velocity analysis identified an intermediate ILC3ILC1 cluster, which had strong directionality toward ILC1s. In humanized mice, the acquisition of ILC1 features by ILC3s showed tissue dependency. Chromatin studies indicated that the transcription factors Aiolos and T-bet cooperated to repress regulatory elements active in ILC3s. A transitional ILC3ILC1 population was also detected in the human intestine. We conclude that ILC3s undergo conversion into ILC1-like cells in human tissues in vivo, and that tissue factors and Aiolos were required for this process.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0425-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-019-0425-y