美国华盛顿大学Michael Gale Jr课题组发现干扰素λ通过调节树突状细胞来实现T细胞对甲型流感病毒的免疫抵抗。2019年8月，国际知名学术期刊《自然—免疫学》发表了这一成果。

研究人员发现树突状细胞（DC）的IFN-λ信号对产生IAV特异的保护性CD8阳性T细胞响应是关键的。与野生型相比，缺失IFN-λ受体的小鼠（Ifnlr1/）减弱了CD8阳性T细胞响应，并且在异源亚型IAV再次攻击时存活率降低。对DC的分析显示IFN-λ信号指导了CD103阳性DC的迁移和功能，从而引发最佳的抗病毒CD8阳性T细胞响应，此外生物信息学分析鉴定出IFN-λ所调控的DC IL-10免疫调节网络。因此，IFN-λ在连接从肺粘膜到淋巴结的先天免疫和适应性中起到关键作用，其通过改变DC来指导抗IAV的效应T细胞免疫。

据介绍，III型干扰素(IFN-λ)对于粘膜表面的先天免疫保护很重要，并且对甲型流感病毒(IAV)感染有治疗效果。然而，IFN-λ如何影响对IAV的适应性免疫保护还不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Interferon-λ modulates dendritic cells to facilitate T cell immunity during infection with influenza A virus

Author: Emily A. Hemann, Richard Green, J. Bryan Turnbull, Ryan A. Langlois, Ram Savan, Michael Gale

Issue&Volume: Volume 20，Issue 8

Abstract: Type III interferon (IFN-) is important for innate immune protection at mucosal surfaces and has therapeutic benefit against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the mechanisms by which IFN- programs adaptive immune protection against IAV are undefined. Here we found that IFN- signaling in dendritic cell (DC) populations was critical for the development of protective IAV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Mice lacking the IFN- receptor (Ifnlr1/) had blunted CD8+ T cell responses relative to wild type and exhibited reduced survival after heterosubtypic IAV re-challenge. Analysis of DCs revealed IFN- signaling directed the migration and function of CD103+ DCs for development of optimal antiviral CD8+ T cell responses, and bioinformatic analyses identified IFN- regulation of a DC IL-10 immunoregulatory network. Thus, IFN- serves a critical role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity from lung mucosa to lymph nodes to program DCs to direct effective T cell immunity against IAV.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0408-z

Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-019-0408-z