纽约大学Gyrgy Buzsáki研究团队的一项最新研究揭示了长时间的海马“尖波涟漪”能改善记忆。该项研究成果发表在2019年6月14日出版的《科学》上。

该研究组发现，在大鼠需要记忆的情况下，长时间的涟漪会增加。在迷宫学习过程中，通过光遗传刺激延长自发产生的涟漪，而不是随机产生的涟漪，可以增加记忆。随机诱导产生的涟漪的神经元含量与短时自发产生的涟漪相似，空间信息较少。利用光遗传学延长的涟漪的单个神经元放电量受到正在进行的、自然启动的神经元序列的影响。延长的涟漪能够招募代表迷宫两臂的新神经元。长时间的海马SPW-Rs能够重演大部分计划路线，这对记忆是至关重要的。

据了解，海马尖波涟漪(SPW-Rs)被认为是记忆巩固和行动规划的一种机制。涟漪持续时间呈偏态分布，只存在少数长持续时间涟漪。

附：英文原文

Title: Long-duration hippocampal sharp wave ripples improve memory

Author: Antonio Fernández-Ruiz, Azahara Oliva, Eliezyer Fermino de Oliveira, Florbela Rocha-Almeida, David Tingley, Gyrgy Buzsáki

Issue&Volume:VOL 364, ISSUE 6445,14 JUNE 2019

Abstract: Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) have been hypothesized as a mechanism for memory consolidation and action planning. The duration of ripples shows a skewed distribution with a minority of long-duration events. We discovered that long-duration ripples are increased in situations demanding memory in rats. Prolongation of spontaneously occurring ripples by optogenetic stimulation, but not randomly induced ripples, increased memory during maze learning. The neuronal content of randomly induced ripples was similar to short-duration spontaneous ripples and contained little spatial information. The spike content of the optogenetically prolonged ripples was biased by the ongoing, naturally initiated neuronal sequences. Prolonged ripples recruited new neurons that represented either arm of the maze. Long-duration hippocampal SPW-Rs replaying large parts of planned routes are critical for memory.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0758

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6445/1082