流感研究和监测卓越中心Aubree Gordon课题组的一项最新研究，提出了预防大规模流行性甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的新关联因子。2019年6月，国际知名学术期刊《Nature Medicine》发表了这一成果。

为了更好地预防流感病毒感染，目前科研人员正在研制靶向流感病毒保守表位，特别是那些位于血凝素柄和神经氨酸酶上的表位的新型流感病毒疫苗。已知抗血凝素柄的抗体能够在动物实验中提供保护作用。然而，没有关于抗血凝素柄抗体在人类自然感染的数据，这些抗体在血凝抑制试验中也没有显示出活性，血凝抑制效价是目前预防流感病毒感染的关联因子。虽然以前的研究已经调查了细胞免疫反应和神经氨酸酶抑制抗体的保护作用，但其他的保护机体免受感染的血清学因子可以帮助开发具有广谱保护性或通用性的流感病毒疫苗。为了填补这一空白，该研究组开展了一项家庭传播研究，以确定保护自然接触者免于感染和疾病的替代性关联因子。利用这项研究，该课题组测定了血凝抑制、全长血凝素、神经氨酸酶和血凝素柄的特异性抗体所产生的半数保护力对应的抗体滴度和水平，并进一步发现血凝素柄抗体能够与预防流感病毒感染独立相关。

据报道，流感病毒一直对人类健康构成严重威胁，每年可造成65万人死亡。季节性流感病毒疫苗可以预防感染，但由于抗原漂移而容易失效。

附：英文原文

Title: Novel correlates of protection against pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection

Author: Sophia Ng, Raffael Nachbagauer, Angel Balmaseda, Daniel Stadlbauer, Sergio Ojeda, Mayuri Patel, Arvind Rajabhathor, Roger Lopez, Andrea F. Guglia, Nery Sanchez, Fatima Amanat, Lionel Gresh, Guillermina Kuan, Florian Krammer, Aubree Gordon

Issue&Volume: Volume 25 Issue 6，June 2019

Abstract: Influenza viruses remain a severe threat to human health, causing up to 650,000 deaths annually. Seasonal influenza virus vaccines can prevent infection, but are rendered ineffective by antigenic drift. To provide improved protection from infection, novel influenza virus vaccines that target the conserved epitopes of influenza viruses, specifically those in the hemagglutinin stalk and neuraminidase, are currently being developed. Antibodies against the hemagglutinin stalk confer protection in animal studies. However, no data exist on natural infections in humans, and these antibodies do not show activity in the hemagglutination inhibition assay, the hemagglutination inhibition titer being the current correlate of protection against influenza virus infection. While previous studies have investigated the protective effect of cellular immune responses and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies, additional serological correlates of protection from infection could aid the development of broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines. To address this gap, we performed a household transmission study to identify alternative correlates of protection from infection and disease in naturally exposed individuals. Using this study, we determined 50% protective titers and levels for hemagglutination inhibition, full-length hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies. Further, we found that hemagglutinin stalk antibodies independently correlated with protection from influenza virus infection.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0463-x

Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0463-x