美国南佛罗里达大学Kendra Vehik研究团队取得进展。他们对1型糖尿病遗传风险增加的幼儿进行了预测性病毒学分析。这一研究成果12月2号在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然—医学》上。

利用针对儿童粪便中已知真核DNA和RNA病毒的大规模研究，研究人员评估了与胰岛自身免疫和1型糖尿病（T1D）相关的粪便内含病毒。该研究表明，在一些幼儿中，长时间的肠道病毒B而非独立的短期肠道病毒B感染可能与胰岛自身免疫性形成有关，但与T1D无关。此外，研究人员还发现较少的早期人类乳腺腺病毒C以及CXADR rs6517774的感染都与胰岛自身免疫相关。

据悉，病毒与胰腺胰岛β细胞自身免疫破坏有关，导致胰岛素缺乏和T1D。某些肠道病毒可在体外感染β细胞，并且在T1D患者的胰岛中检测到这些病毒，并在meta-分析中显示与T1D相关。但是，事实证明，很难在整个研究领域确定一致的发现。阻碍把RNA病毒与胰岛自身免疫性联系起来的因素可能是由于快速的病毒突变率、病毒循环的周期性以及致病性和在人群中传播能力改变变体的选择性。β细胞细胞表面高表达柯萨奇病毒和腺病毒受体（CXADR）基因，可促进肠道病毒感染。对人胰腺和培养胰岛的研究表明，血清类型之间或同一血清类型对β细胞肠道病毒的毒力存在显著差异

附：英文原文

Title: Prospective virome analyses in young children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes

Author: Kendra Vehik, Kristian F. Lynch, Matthew C. Wong, Xiangjun Tian, Matthew C. Ross, Richard A. Gibbs, Nadim J. Ajami, Joseph F. Petrosino, Marian Rewers, Jorma Toppari, Anette G. Ziegler, Jin-Xiong She, Ake Lernmark, Beena Akolkar, William A. Hagopian, Desmond A. Schatz, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Heikki Hyty, Richard E. Lloyd

Issue&Volume: 2019-12-02

Abstract: Viruses are implicated in autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells, which results in insulin deficiency and type 1 diabetes (T1D)1,2,3,4. Certain enteroviruses can infect β cells in vitro5, have been detected in the pancreatic islets of patients with T1D6 and have shown an association with T1D in meta-analyses4. However, establishing consistency in findings across studies has proven difficult. Obstacles to convincingly linking RNA viruses to islet autoimmunity may be attributed to rapid viral mutation rates, the cyclical periodicity of viruses7 and the selection of variants with altered pathogenicity and ability to spread in populations. β cells strongly express cell-surface coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) genes, which can facilitate enterovirus infection8. Studies of human pancreata and cultured islets have shown significant variation in enteroviral virulence to β cells between serotypes and within the same serotype9,10. In this large-scale study of known eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses in stools from children, we evaluated fecally shed viruses in relation to islet autoimmunity and T1D. This study showed that prolonged enterovirus B rather than independent, short-duration enterovirus B infections may be involved in the development of islet autoimmunity, but not T1D, in some young children. Furthermore, we found that fewer early-life human mastadenovirus C infections, as well as CXADR rs6517774, independently correlated with islet autoimmunity.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0667-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0667-0