中国人民大学经济学院陆方文研究小组宣布他们分析了中国北京居民购车后的体力活动和体重变化。该研究成果于2019年12月18日发表于国际一流学术期刊《英国医学杂志》上。

为探讨一个国际化城市汽车拥有量对体力活动和体重的影响，研究组在中国北京市进行了一项准实验横断面研究，从2011年1月至2015年11月摇号买车的家庭中随机招募18岁及以上成人。

研究组共分析了937人，其中180人获得了购买新车的许可。摇中后，91%的人会在6个月内再买一辆车。摇中5年后，摇中者每周乘坐公共交通工具的次数明显少于未摇中者，步行和骑自行车的次数也明显少于未摇中者。摇中者和未摇中者的平均体重没有明显变化。然而，在50岁以及上人群中，摇中者的体重在摇中5.1年后与未摇中者相比有所增加。

研究结果表明，在一个快速增长的国际化城市中，拥有汽车会导致长期的体力活动减少和体重增加。发展中国家和中等收入国家汽车使用和拥有量的持续增加可能会对身体健康和肥胖产生不利影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Physical activity and weight following car ownership in Beijing, China: quasi-experimental cross sectional study

Author: Michael L Anderson, Fangwen Lu, Jun Yang

Issue&Volume: 2019/12/18

Abstract: 

Objective To determine the implications of car ownership for physical activity and weight in a global city.

Design Quasi-experimental cross sectional study.

Setting Beijing, China, 2011-15.

Participants People aged 18 and older from a random sample of households who had entered a permit lottery to purchase a vehicle between January 2011 and November 2015.

Interventions Permit allowing purchase of a vehicle within six months of permit issuance.

Main outcome measures Transit use (number of subway and bus rides each week), physical activity (minutes of walking or bicycling each day), and weight, measured once in early 2016.

Results Of 937 people analysed in total, 180 had won a permit to purchase a new vehicle. Winning the permit lottery resulted in the purchase of an additional vehicle 91% of the time (95% confidence interval 89% to 94%; P<0.001). About five years after winning, winners took significantly fewer weekly transit rides (−2.9 rides (−5.1 to −0.7); P=0.01) and walked and cycled significantly less (−24.2 minutes (−40.3 to −8.1); P=0.003) than those who did not win the lottery. Average weight did not change significantly between lottery winners and losers. Among those aged 50 and older, however, winners’ weight had increased relative to that of losers (10.3 kg (0.5 to 20.2); P=0.04) 5.1 years after winning.

Conclusions These data indicate that vehicle ownership in a rapidly growing global city led to long term reductions in physical activity and increase in weight. Continuing increases in car use and ownership in developing and middle income countries could adversely affect physical health and obesity rates.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6491

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/367/bmj.l6491