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未来粮食保障计划改善撒哈拉以南非洲5岁以下儿童的营养状况
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2019/12/17 16:38:00

美国斯坦福大学医学院Theresa Ryckman研究小组,评价了“未来粮食保障计划”对撒哈拉以南非洲5岁以下儿童营养的影响。2019年12月11日出版的《英国医学杂志》发表了这项成果。

为了评价美国政府的“未来粮食保障计划”对撒哈拉以南非洲地区5岁以下儿童营养状况的影响,2000-2017年,研究组对撒哈拉以南非洲33个中低收入国家的家庭进行了118次调查,共记录了883309名5岁以下儿童的体重、身高和年龄,其中338052名儿童来自“未来粮食保障计划”国家,495257名儿童来自非“未来粮食保障计划”国家。

这33个国家中,共有38.3%的儿童发育不良,8.9%的儿童消瘦,21.3%的儿童体重不足。在实施未来粮食保障计划的前六年,12个实施该计划国家的儿童与21个未实施该计划国家的儿童相比,发育迟缓率下降了3.9个百分点,消瘦率下降了1.1个百分点,体重不足率下降了2.8个百分点。这意味着5岁以下发育不良和体重不足的儿童减少了大约200万,而消瘦儿童减少了大约50万。在未来粮食保障计划实施前,这12个国家中大约有2200万儿童发育不良,1100万儿童体重不足,400万儿童消瘦。

研究结果表明,未来粮食保障计划显著改善了5岁以下儿童发育迟缓和体重不足的现状,并适度改善了这些儿童的消瘦状况。该结果突出了为具体国家量身定制大型农业和粮食安全倡议的有效性,对未来世界范围内的营养干预具有重要意义。

附:英文原文

Title: Impact of Feed the Future initiative on nutrition in children aged less than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa: difference-in-differences analysis

Author: Theresa Ryckman, Margaret Robinson, Courtney Pedersen, Jay Bhattacharya, Eran Bendavid

Issue&Volume: 2019/12/11

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the impact of the US government’s Feed the Future initiative on nutrition outcomes in children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa.
 
Design Difference-in-differences quasi-experimental approach.
 
Setting Households in 33 low and lower middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
 
Population 883?309 children aged less than 5 years with weight, height, and age recorded in 118 surveys conducted in 33 countries between 2000 and 2017: 388?052 children were from Feed the Future countries and 495?257 were from non-Feed the Future countries.
 
Main outcome measures A difference-in-differences approach was used to compare outcomes among children in intervention countries after implementation of the initiative with children before its introduction and children in non-intervention countries, controlling for relevant covariates, time invariant national differences, and time trends. The primary outcome was stunting (height for age >2 standard deviations below a reference median), a key indicator of undernutrition in children. Secondary outcomes were wasting (low weight for height) and underweight (low weight for age).
 
Results Across all years and countries, 38.3% of children in the study sample were stunted, 8.9% showed wasting, and 21.3% were underweight. In the first six years of Feed the Future’s implementation, children in 12 countries with the initiative exhibited a 3.9 percentage point (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 5.5) greater decline in stunting, a 1.1 percentage point (0.1 to 2.1) greater decline in wasting, and a 2.8 percentage point (1.6 to 4.0) greater decline in underweight levels compared with children in 21 countries without the initiative and compared with trends in undernutrition before Feed the Future was launched. These decreases translate to around two million fewer stunted and underweight children aged less than 5 years and around a half million fewer children with wasting. For context, about 22 million children were stunted, 11 million children were underweight, and four million children were wasted in the Feed the Future countries at baseline.
 
Conclusions Feed the Future’s activities were closely linked to notable improvements in stunting and underweight levels and moderate improvements in wasting in children younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this large, country tailored initiative focused on agriculture and food security and have important implications for the future of this and other nutrition interventions worldwide.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6540

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/367/bmj.l6540

期刊信息

BMJ-British Medical Journal:《英国医学杂志》,创刊于1840年。隶属于BMJ出版集团,最新IF:27.604
官方网址:http://www.bmj.com/
投稿链接:https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmj