2019年10月11日，瑞士苏黎世大学Steven A. Brown、Shiva K. Tyagarajan和德国慕尼黑大学Maria S. Robles等研究人员合作在《科学》杂志发表论文，揭示了前脑突触转录组由时间调控，但其蛋白质组由睡眠驱动。

采取生化方法，研究人员揭示了前脑突触转录本的积累显示出绝大多数的日常节律，三分之二的突触转录本显示了与时间相关的丰度，而与体细胞的振荡无关。这些转录本形成了两个明显的时间和功能簇，清晨之前的转录本与新陈代谢和翻译有关，而傍晚的转录本与突触传递有关。全天候表征突触蛋白质组证明了时间门控对突触过程和能量稳态的功能相关性。出乎意料的是，睡眠剥夺完全消除了蛋白质组，但转录本没有振荡。

总的来说，这些发现表明了突触中信使RNA的昼夜节律，并且按照睡眠-清醒周期进行翻译。

据介绍，神经元形成了将RNA和蛋白质转运到遥远的树突和轴突中的机制。

附：英文原文

Title: The forebrain synaptic transcriptome is organized by clocks but its proteome is driven by sleep

Author: Sara B. Noya, David Colameo, Franziska Brüning, Andrea Spinnler, Dennis Mircsof, Lennart Opitz, Matthias Mann, Shiva K. Tyagarajan, Maria S. Robles, Steven A. Brown

Issue&Volume: Volume 366 Issue 6462

Abstract: 

Neurons have adapted mechanisms to traffic RNA and protein into distant dendritic and axonal arbors. Taking a biochemical approach, we reveal that forebrain synaptic transcript accumulation shows overwhelmingly daily rhythms, with two-thirds of synaptic transcripts showing time-of-day–dependent abundance independent of oscillations in the soma. These transcripts formed two sharp temporal and functional clusters, with transcripts preceding dawn related to metabolism and translation and those anticipating dusk related to synaptic transmission. Characterization of the synaptic proteome around the clock demonstrates the functional relevance of temporal gating for synaptic processes and energy homeostasis. Unexpectedly, sleep deprivation completely abolished proteome but not transcript oscillations. Altogether, the emerging picture is one of a circadian anticipation of messenger RNA needs in the synapse followed by translation as demanded by sleep-wake cycles.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2642

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6462/eaav2642